Introduction to the Maghreb In the name of God, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. It comprises eleven books. The book "The Beidane Tribes (1) in the Hod and the Coast" is one in a series of eleven books and thirty studies published by Paul Marty on Islam and the history of its peoples in the region between Wadi Nun to the north, and the Niger and Senegal rivers to the south, where he spent eight years studying it, from 1912 to 1920. The book includes an introduction to the history of the Beidane tribes in terms of their origins and lineages, their migration to the western part of the Sahara Desert, their internal conflicts for influence and control, and their relations with their neighbors, especially the Zanj and Tuareg tribes, with whom they mixed, forming a solid basis for coexistence and stability, under the umbrella of Islam and the Arabic language. In discussing this era, which extends from the 14th century AD (the date of the great Arab migrations) to the beginning of the current century, the author relied on a number of important sources, most of them by Arab travelers and historians, and on local sources from the "tarikhs" (annals) of historical cities such as Walata, Nema, and Tichitt, which record daily events in the entire region; and on manuscripts rich in various information about the lineages of tribes and families, among other things, in addition to oral sources. The author discussed these tribes in detail, such as their numbers, the names of their branches and families, their wealth, their grazing areas, their water sources, their spiritual and temporal leaders, and their notables, and their political and religious influence, while leaving many of them unaddressed altogether, such as Ahl Sidi Mahmoud and Ediessat. The reason for this is that most of them were living in the colony of Mauritania at that time. He then touched upon the history of the relationship between the French authorities in their colony in Sudan (Mali), after its occupation, and the inhabitants of the Hod. This was a period when its people were caught between the French pincers, after eight years of occupying the northern and western parts of Mauritania, and twenty years of occupying the southern and eastern borders of the Beidane land, which paved the way for the occupation of Walata in 1912 and the control of almost the entire Beidane land. The inhabitants of the Hod were thus cut off from their roots in Mauritania and deprived of living freely in their accustomed domain between the desert to the north (1) - Beidane, pronounced in Hassaniya "Beidhan," is the translation we chose for the word MAURE instead of Arabs or Mauritanians.