**The Mangari** Its origin is Tubar, and (a meticulous design) mentioned that its origin might have been from Bisharin. There were skilled craftsmen who excelled in making the mangari. The mangari is made from palm fronds and leaves, and the legs are made from acacia or sunt wood. The long leg at the back of the mangari is the "marq," while the short leg at the width is the "jild." The mangari is wide with short legs and long supports for the body. At the beginning of the last century, the mangari was large, closer to a long bed that could accommodate two people. All the children would sleep on one mangari with a single cover.

Before the mangari, in the nineteenth century and before, people slept on the "hijib" bed. The hijib consists of fixed sticks on the balcony that are joined and placed on the ground, and on top of them, palm leaves and "karuq" sandals are spread. It is called "la yataharrak" (it does not move).

**D. Clothing for Men and Women in Hamab in the Past:** Clothing in the region evolved with human development. Until the first half of the last century, people wore simple clothing. A man wore the "shamara," which is a garment that covers the private parts slightly below the knee, while the chest was bare.

This was the man's attire at home and at work. He also had a short shirt for occasions, a garment for cleanliness, and something to cover himself with when going out. With the beginning of the fifties of the last century, men started wearing "marai" at home and at work. They mostly moved around riding, and it was made from cowhide, hence the affectionate term "(Ta'ala al-baqar jibabah)" (Come, cow, bring it). Or the "Fashuri" garment, which was brought from western Sudan, or meaning "hashiya." As for children, they were made "thumal" from palm fronds, which are from the "karuq" of dates, meaning two palm frond swords, and the "karuq" sandals are called "al-qala."

**Cooking Utensils:** In the beginning, food was made in a pot or a "hulla" called the "ketchoush," which was made of pottery. Then this pot evolved; today it is the "dinka," and the "dinka" in Khartoum is the "hulla." "Daq al-ghalala" is a cooking pot that is made by hand by the "ghalala" groups. * Mashab - a sieve made of palm fronds used for sifting things and food. It is an impressive tool that has a unique shape. The word is used in the Egyptian language. See Al-Sharif Qasim, the previous reference, p. 711. - 68 -- 69 -