Islam and its role in Sudanese-Egyptian relations.
An authentically Egyptian name, previously used during the Twenty-first Dynasty (the Dynasty of the Priests in Thebes). The founders of this dynasty are considered to be a lineage of the priests of Thebes, some of whom fled to Napata fearing the consequences of defeat at the hands of the Libyan princes who then controlled Egypt and ruled it throughout the period between the fall of the Twenty-first Dynasty and the rise of the Twenty-fifth Dynasty.
Egypt also played a positive role in spreading the Christian faith in Nubia, which included the Kingdom of Meroë (Nubatia). It united with the second kingdom (Makuria) and formed the Kingdom of Nubia, with its capital at Dongola. As for the third kingdom, it was Alwa, with its capital at Soba.
As a result of Roman persecution of Christians, a group of these followers left Egypt and went south of the First Cataract, and then to distant places in the Eastern and Western Deserts, far from Roman persecution. These people conveyed Christian teachings to the inhabitants of these regions, in addition to the groups of merchants who contributed significantly to the sustenance of this religious movement. The first reference to the relationship between the Middle Nile Valley region and Egypt is found in the Holy Book, where the story of the Ethiopian eunuch, who was a minister to one of the Sudanese queens, is mentioned, as he held a great position with her.
The Sudanese supported the Church of Alexandria and were followers of it. They showed their practical sympathy towards it when they launched their attacks on Upper Egypt, aiming for the Nile from the Islamic armies that conquered Egypt in 641 AD.
Islam and the Egyptian role in Sudan:
After its conquest, the Muslims, through Egypt, led punitive expeditions to the lands of Nubia to stop them from the attacks they carried out on Upper Egypt. The desire of Caliph Umar ibn al-Khattab, may God be pleased with him, coincided with the desire of his commander in Egypt, Amr ibn al-As, regarding the necessity of conquering the lands of Nubia, to ensure the protection of Egypt's southern borders and to secure the ancient trade route between the two regions. Two major campaigns entered the land of Nubia. The first campaign was during the governorship of Amr ibn al-As in 652 AD. The second campaign took place during the reign of Abdullah ibn Sa'd ibn Abi Sarh in 652 AD. The campaigns led by Amr ibn al-As were not successful. This could only be achieved by silencing and stopping the attacks from Nubia. Arab sources indicate that...