British political ambitions 65 1884, an appropriation of 300,000 pounds was opened for this purpose, and this amount reached 11 million pounds. The same was true for the 1896-1899 campaign, as Egypt bore its burden. 798802 j England ceded it to the benefit of the Nile line, a branch of the railway from the Cape to Cairo. But Egypt adjusted its entire budget and all its possessions equipment for the campaign and sold the Mohammadi steamers, basins, palaces, gardens, and lands, and everything it could to secure this path. We said in a previous word As for the reasons for Lord Cromer's concern about the future of Sudan, they are: "scarcity of population, scarcity of agriculture, lack of irrigation, and decline of trade and industry." Therefore, we began to follow Lord Cromer's theory, which is to let Egypt bear the expenses of Sudan and gradually annex it, while maintaining England's control, and this control and its expansion would advance with the progress and development of Sudan. This is the origin of the agreement of January 19, 1899, that agreement which is unparalleled in international dealings because it is not a condominium where the authority of two states is equal, and the entire authority is confined to the English, nor is it a dual protectorate because the English claim that Sudan is their property by right of conquest. As for the men of law and jurisprudence, they say that the 1899 agreement is completely void because Egypt has no capacity to enter into a contract, as Egypt is an Ottoman province, no matter how much it is exploited, it cannot enter into an international agreement. Added to the foregoing is that ownership is reserved for Turkey, and the Khedive of Egypt, who is appointed by a Sultanic firman, is in reality a governor. He is the guardian of the Sultan's properties, not their owner, so he cannot exceed in his actions the limits of the firman by which he was appointed. This firman has clearly defined its chain and its limits. In the firman appointing Abbas Pasha II in 1892, it is explicitly stated that he is not allowed to cede any concession granted to Egypt or any Egyptian land and its dependencies to Egypt. Therefore, the 1899 agreement contradicts every clause of the provisions of that firman. As for England, it has recognized all international treaties and agreements.