Egyptian Sudan 52 to order Egypt to associate them with the rule of Sudan. Lord Cromer, on behalf of England, and Butros Pasha Ghali, on behalf of Egypt, signed an agreement on January 19 of that year, consisting of 12 articles. Its preamble stated: "Whereas some regions of Sudan that had revolted against the Sublime Porte have been reconquered by military and financial means expended by the united governments of Her Majesty the Queen of England and His Highness the Khedive. "And whereas it has become necessary to establish a special system for the administration of the said reconquered regions and the necessary laws for them, taking into consideration the backwardness and instability that have prevailed in these regions until now, and the diverse needs of each area. "And whereas it is expedient to declare the claims of Her Majesty's government, arising from its right of conquest, by participating in the establishment of the administrative and legal system aforementioned, and in its implementation and future expansion. "And whereas it has been deemed appropriate to administer the regions of Wadi Halfa and Suakin administratively with the adjacent reconquered regions. "Therefore, the undersigned, duly authorized, have agreed and affirmed as follows: "First – The territory of Sudan (which they agreed to call Egyptian Sudan) shall comprise all lands not occupied by Egyptian troops since 1883, and lands that were under Egyptian government administration before the last revolution, temporarily lost, and now reconquered by Her Majesty's government and the Egyptian government in union, and lands that will be reconquered by them in union from now on. "Second – The British flag and the Egyptian flag shall be used together on land and sea throughout Sudan, except in the city of Suakin, where only the Egyptian flag shall be used.