The Islamic Kingdom in Egypt, as the Al-Azhar school was the greatest means of preserving the Arabic language for teaching religious and linguistic sciences, but it was limited at that time to these sciences and neglected others, such as natural sciences and mathematics.

"Teaching Methods and Study" In the past, each of the four schools of thought had a specific place where they taught, and no one else would sit to teach there, even if there was discord and fighting among them. Each sheikh of a school of thought had a limit that he did not exceed, and no one exceeded him. However, this was not as strictly enforced as the transgression of a follower of one school of thought and a speaker of it. The sheikhs of the schools of thought, such as the Sheikh of the Maliki school and the Sheikh of the Hanafi school, would handle it. If the matter escalated, it would be brought to the Sheikh of the Mosque, and the Sheikh would sit in front of the pillar, facing the students who formed a circle around him. When they were seated, he would sit on a wooden or palm-leaf chair, and they would be in front of him. It was the custom in the past that only the Sheikh of the Mosque would sit on the chair, and not anyone else. Then this practice was abandoned, and many scholars sat on chairs.

Each student had a place that he did not exceed, and whoever sat there would stand up. When they sat down, the Sheikh would begin with the Basmala, praise, and prayers for the Prophet. Then he would precisely state the lesson's topic, and then they would discuss it on paper and ask him what was unclear to them. After the lesson, they would stand to kiss his hand, even if he was a bachelor. It was not incumbent upon the Sheikh to observe the student's condition of diligence or laziness, attendance or absence; rather, it was left to himself, unless he was a guardian over him. There was no monthly or annual examination, and whoever had the ability from himself or his guardian would focus on memorizing the texts before or during attendance. He would memorize the texts or some of them, and his endeavor would be successful, because whoever memorizes the texts has mastered the sciences. Before attending the lesson circle, they had to study it precisely, text and explanation and report, once or more, in groups or individually. The Sheikh might also study other materials with them so that they would be prepared with the aspects of the issue, what is answered, and what is replied.

This was also the case for the students, and the custom was generally that the best students would study their sheikh's lesson for the rest, a study of research and investigation, until they came to the Sheikh, and then they would clarify what he delivered.

"The Beginning of the General Reform of This Ancient and Glorious Mosque" The high order was issued to reorganize Al-Azhar University and religious institutes in that year. In another year, it was in Alexandria, Tanta, Desouk, and Damietta. In all these institutes, there were 1000 students and 40 professors. The general administration was under the Sheikh of the Mosque, assisted by a council of professors, some of whom were appointed.