The Muslim Arabs coming from the north gave that land an Arab Islamic character, so the northern part of Nubia, called Makurra, became an Islamic land subject to Islamic influence. Thus, the Mamluk sultans succeeded, as a result of this campaign, in demonstrating the strength and prestige of the Islamic state, not in the northern kingdom of Nubia, but in the Christian kingdom of Alwa, which lies to the south. Similarly, sources indicate a widespread Islamic presence in the land of Al-Abwab. Shakanda died a martyr, perhaps at the hands of some of his people who were zealous for their Christian religion and their sovereignty. After him, an emir from the Mamluk house named "Barak" ascended the throne in 678 AH/1279 AD, the same year Sultan Qalawun claimed the throne of Egypt. It appears that the Nubian king Barak showed a tendency towards the independence of his country, which led Sultan Qalawun, who succeeded Baybars, to distrust him. He ordered a campaign to be sent under the command of Emir Mari to investigate. The campaign then crossed and managed to capture Emir Barak and installed another Nubian emir named "Samamun" as king of Nubia under the same previous conditions that Shakanda had signed. Sultan Qalawun had sent his campaign in 680 AH/1280 AD, and then campaigns were repeated during the reign of Al-Nasir Muhammad ibn Qalawun in the years 789 AH/1387 AD and 796 AH/1394 AD. Sources tell us that King Edward, king of Al-Abwab, which is the northern part of Alwa, sent ambassadors carrying gifts to Sultan Qalawun, complaining about the mistreatment by the sultans of the Makurra kingdom and asking for his judgment in the dispute, showing loyalty and obedience to the Mamluk Sultan. However, Samamun, on his part, when he learned of this embassy sent by the king of Al-Abwab, he immediately sent an embassy and gifts to defend his point of view. Qalawun, when he met with both embassies, decided to send his envoy to the two regions for investigation. He sent the envoy of the king of Al-Abwab and other small parts of the kingdom of Alwa with the ambassadors.