In 1274 AD, the king was usurped. In 1276 AD, Prince Shakamda marched with this army. The Islamic army took some Arab tribal forces in Upper Egypt and the campaign made its way south. Although it encountered some resistance at the city of Ad-Dabba, the Egyptian Mamluk army managed to subdue this initial small resistance. The army continued its march, crossing the Second Cataract, and handed over the lands subdued by the Islamic army to Shakamda to govern. When the campaign approached Dongola, Dawud and his clan came out to meet them. However, the result was Dawud's defeat, and Shakamda came to Dongola and was crowned king of Nubia with the influence and authority of the Egyptian Mamluk army. This was the beginning of Egyptian Islamic royal protection over the kingdom of Makuria. The Mamluks did not attempt to annex the country to their possessions, but were content to have the ruler on the throne be of their choosing, after he pledged to them an oath that he would make to him and his people. The matter ended with the conclusion of a new agreement regulating relations between the two countries. Shakamda became bound by an oath of obedience and loyalty to the ruling Sultan and his deputy in governing the kingdom of Makuria, and to send half of what he collected from the kingdom to the Sultan, along with some gifts. The possessions of King Dawud and his followers were to be handed over to the Sultan. Shakamda was to prevent the Arabs from settling in the land of Nubia, and this condition may have been a reason for the Arabs' infiltration to the south, to the region of Al-Jazira and the kingdom of Alwa. Shakamda was to inform the Sultan of all affairs. Upon the return of the Egyptian campaign to Egypt, a number of Nubian princes were taken as a guarantee of the Nubians' adherence to these conditions. It appears that the impact of this Mamluk campaign on the Christian kingdom of Makuria in Dongola had its echo in the northern part of the kingdom of Alwa, known as Al-Abwab in the region of Shendi or to its north. Dawud fled to this Christian kingdom, but the king of Al-Abwab refused to enter into a conflict with the Mamluk state in Egypt because of "Dawud." He was handed over and sent bound to Cairo, where he was imprisoned in the middle of Sudan. This was because Al-Abwab had opened the door to Arab migrations in central Sudan. 49 0