On the other hand, some historians believe that the reasons for this Nubian campaign, led by King Dawud, were purely religious. In their view, Dawud launched this violent raid in conjunction with the Crusaders in the Levant. The violent attack on Aydhab and Aswan was intended to take revenge on the Muslims. Perhaps what sheds light on the interest of Christian Nubia in the Holy Land is what some sources mention, that these Christians used to make pilgrimage to Jerusalem and frequent the Holy City.

Whatever the case may be with the campaign led by Dawud in Egyptian territory, Sultan Baybars paid great attention to the matter. He promptly sent a campaign led by the governor of Qus in 676 AH / 1273 AD, who continued his advance through Nubian territory until he reached Dunqulah, the capital of Lower Nubia. However, he was unable to capture Dawud, but he returned to Cairo with a number of prisoners, including the "Sahib al-Jabal".

Dawud had retreated south into the lands of the Kingdom of Alwa so that the Egyptian forces could not reach him.

In addition, the Arabs of Egypt realized that the change from the Ayyubid to the Mamluk system was the beginning of a violent conflict between the majority of Arabs who remained nomadic or between the Bedouins and the settled population. These [nomads] took advantage of every opportunity to attack the settled groups, and the rulers were unable to control them. Their resentment increased when these slave Turks took control of affairs in Egypt and tightened their grip on them. The Arabs' intuition proved correct, as the Mamluks continued to act as an occupying force that did not sympathize much with the country's inhabitants, and they remained ignorant of Arabic. Hence, we find that at the beginning of the Mamluk era, specifically in 650 AH / 1253 AD, most of the Arab tribes in Upper and Lower Egypt revolted and prevented exports. The leader of the revolution, Sharif Hasan al-Din Thalab bin Najm al-Din al-Ja'fari, declared, "We are the owners of the land, and we are