Sudan Archive

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In the year 675 AH / 1273 AD, he raided with his Nubian army these two cities, plundered the shops, and killed a number of their inhabitants, including the judge and the governor. They destroyed the canals and captured a number of their inhabitants. When they brought them to their capital, Dongola, they enslaved them to build a church. From this aggression began a continuous chain of conflict and the sending of campaigns between Nubia and the Mamluks in Egypt. The Crusade, which aimed to occupy the Islamic Holy Lands in the Hijaz and succeeded in destroying any ships found in the port of Aidhab, had made the Muslim rulers in Egypt turn their attention to the safety of the Red Sea from the Crusaders' threat. To further secure the port of Aidhab, they focused on building Suakin, which was the trade outlet for the Christian kingdoms of Nubia in Sudan. The interest in Suakin extended south to the location of Massawa. The governor of Suakin and the governor of the Dahlak Islands opposite Massawa seized the property of Egyptians who died in their lands. The owner of Suakin ignored the protest of Sultan Al-Zahir Baybars, so he sent a punitive expedition to Suakin in the year 668 AH / 1265 AD. The result was that the owner of Suakin fled, and the Egyptian armies occupied it and established a permanent garrison there. Thus, the second maritime outlet after Aidhab for the Christian Nubian regions came under the control of the Islamic state in Egypt. From this, some historians see the economic reasons that pushed Nubia and its king to attack the port of Aidhab and Aswan, after the fall of Suakin into the hands of Egypt, which led to the tightening of Islamic control over the Red Sea and increased the isolation of the Christian kingdoms from the outside world. There is no doubt that the control of the Egyptian rulers over the ports of Aidhab and Suakin made these Christian Nubian rulers feel that their economic interests in the Red Sea, this vital trade route, were threatened. 81 (M 6 - Islam and Arabism in Sudan)

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