It is the name "Qamar al-Dawla" (Moon of the State), and this is clear evidence that the light of Islam had changed the features of this entire region, extending from South Sudan to the borders of Upper Nubia, whose capital was Soba. Thus, all government policies in Cairo, whether directly or indirectly, served the cause of spreading Islam and Arabism in the Nubian regions, whether through the flight of governors, the escape of the oppressed, the migration of Arab tribes, or the imposition of sieges on Christian Nubia, so that Nubia became an Islamic land radiating with the light of Islam and adorned with the voice of the Holy Quran.

The Era of the Mamluks and Islamic Nubia In the year 629 AH / 1250 AD, Egypt witnessed the birth of a new era, that when the Mamluk state began to rule Egypt. Therefore, this era was of great importance not only for Egypt but for the entire Islamic East, as well as its importance for Nubia, which was in the Middle Ages. But for the Nile Valley Sudan, that era witnessed significant developments in Egypt's relationship with those lands, and this is natural because the Nile Valley Sudan is affected by every development political or social that occurs in Egyptian society.

These northern Sudanese ties with Egypt began in that Mamluk era, and the King of Nubia, "Dawud I," sent in the year 677 AH – 1278 AD to Sultan al-Zahir Baybars in Egypt. The delegation carried a message from Dawud confirming that he had ascended the throne of Nubia after his Muslim uncle, "Abu al-Azm Murtashkar," who had become blind, was deposed. It appears that one of the delegation's tasks was to ascertain the policy pursued by the Mamluk state towards Nubia. Sultan Baybars' response was to demand the payment of the tribute, which had stopped for a long time. Although Sultan Baybars was preoccupied at that time with fighting the Crusaders, the Tatars, and the Armenians, these preparations presented an opportunity for Dawud, who was not satisfied with paying the tribute, to launch an attack on Sudan and the port of Aidhab in 80