Facsimile · p. 71
The journey of Ibn Salim al-Aswani resulted in some of the missions for which he was sent. It is said that the King of Nubia resumed the payment of the *baqt*. As for his conversion to Islam, the king refused to enter the eternal religion of God, and the Nubian Church continued its relationship with the Egyptian Church. The relationship between the Fatimids and Christian Nubia was generally characterized by diplomacy and good neighborliness. In addition, Ibn Salim al-Aswani, after spending a long period, ventured south into Upper Nubia (*Suya*), the capital of the kingdom of (*Aloa*), and found there a special *ribat* for a group of Muslims, which reassured him, as he had done in Lower Nubia. It seems that the Fatimids had entrusted him with his mission to the King of Lower Nubia, and they did not know that Nubia included Lower and Upper Nubia – its seat, and Aloa – which was indeed common in the Middle Ages. Among the prominent features of the Fatimid relationship with Nubia was the establishment of a strong Arab Islamic principality centered in Aswan, which played an important role in the relationship between Egypt and Nubia. The Fatimid Caliphate in Cairo recognized the Arab principality in Aswan. Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah bestowed upon the prince of (*Rabia*) the title *Kanz al-Dawla* (Treasure of the State), so he became known as Bani Rabia in Aswan and Nubia as Bani Kanz. This was when Prince Rabia, Abu al-Makarim Hibat Allah, was called upon by Caliph Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah against Abu Ruqwa, who was Al-Walid bin Hisham bin Abd al-Malik of the Bani Umayya. He was called Abu Ruqwa because he carried a *ruqwa* for his ablution. Abu Ruqwa had sought refuge in Al-Fayyum and then intended for Egypt, stopping in Barqa on his way and inciting people to revolt against Al-Hakim. Al-Hakim managed to defeat him, forcing Abu Ruqwa to flee to Nubia. Abu al-Makarim bin Rabia succeeded in capturing Abu Ruqwa at the beginning of the tenth century AD, and therefore Abu al-Makarim was rewarded with the title *Kanz al-Dawla*, and his children inherited this title, becoming known as Bani Kanz. While some sources have reported news of minor clashes between the two countries during the Fatimid era, most or all of them refer to what was happening.