residence under circumstances and a hostile rule. Especially after the dismissal and the reliance on elements from the Persians, Turks, and Sudanese in the army, and after the state in Egypt saw the Arab element as an element that would not yield to its authority due to its retention of its military qualities, as it is an Arab element that does not yield easily and is more prone to disobedience and rebellion. Hence, the sixth Hijri century was the era of the emergence of Arab elements, as the northern Nubian region (Al-Rabis) became almost purely Arab after the increase in the numbers of Arab communities. Egypt's campaigns during the Ikhshidid era with the Christian kingdoms of Nubia had generally good relations, despite some raids that would occasionally disrupt this harmony. An example of these raids is what happened in the late days of the Ikhshidid state when the people of Nubia launched three raids on Egypt in the period 323-358 AH / 935-969 AD. The economic and political difficulties that Egypt faced during this period and suffered greatly from were what encouraged the people of the south to raid it. These difficulties were also what led the Fatimids to repeatedly attack the Ikhshidid state, in addition to what Egypt suffered from famines due to the low Nile flood at that time. However, Egypt did not stand idly by despite the difficulties it faced against these raids from the south of the valley. Some sources indicate that an Egyptian army marched to Nubia under the command of Muhammad bin Abdullah Al-Khazin and expelled the Nubians from Aswan and drove them to (Abrim). This army then managed to conquer the city of Abrim and captured it in the year 345 AH / 957 AD. However, this defeat did not put an end to the threat from Nubia, as raids were renewed again in the year 349 AH / 961 AD when they attacked the city of Akhmim in southern Egypt. In the few years preceding the conquest of Egypt by the Fatimids, the references do not mention anything significant regarding Egypt's relationship with Nubia.