Those lands and their environmental characteristics. They flowed into them after that campaign, as the campaign of Al-Amri was the great, widespread signal for the doors of Nubia to open wide to the Arab tribes striking in Egypt, to take the path of Nubia as an exit from the difficulties they were facing in Egypt after the Arab tribes had spread widely in northern Sudan, especially the tribes of Rabia and Juheina, where the nucleus of the first Arab Islamic emirate was established.

Relations during the Ikhshidid era: In the late Ikhshidid era, when the Fatimid state in North Africa (the Arab Maghreb) began to cast its gaze towards Egypt, and when the Nubians felt the disturbance and instability of affairs in Egypt, they became active in their raids. They began with the Outer Oasis in 337 AH / 953 AD and followed it with another raid on Aswan in 342 AH / 956 AD. The Ikhshidid state had to respond to this aggression, so the vizier of the Ikhshid Muhammad bin Abdullah Al-Khazin sent an army in 343 AH / 957 AD. He met the Nubians in battle and defeated them, then advanced towards Ibrim, took captives, and gained spoils, and returned to Egypt. During the reign of Kafur, the Nubians raided Upper Egypt, moving northwards as far as Darfur. As a result, Egypt did not fulfill its commitments regarding the treaty of Baqtz concerning the supply of necessary clothing and grain to Nubia.

The motive for the movement of the Egyptian Islamic forces to the land of Nubia was the urgent need for Nubians to be recruited into the Ikhshidid army, especially during the reign of Kafur Al-Ikhshidi, who doubled their numbers in the Egyptian army. These soldiers embraced Islam as soon as they were recruited into the Egyptian forces. Some of them preferred to reside permanently in Egypt after their discharge from military service, but many of them preferred to return to their homelands to spend the wealth they had accumulated from their military services. They returned as Muslims: civilized. This is because the best thing Islam did for the Nubian was to elevate his social and economic status, and therefore it is not unlikely that these returning soldiers to northern Sudan were among the best callers to Islam.

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