The Beja language prevailed, and it dominated the Arabic language in Al-Gugiya due to the scarcity of Arab and civilized migrants to those lands during that period, compared to the numerous and deeply rooted Gugiya tribes that constituted the majority in that region. And before them was a great Arab tribe with many branches. Just as they entered Sudan before Islam, they also entered Egypt before Islam and settled in southern Upper Egypt in the region between Qamar and Kena. Their role was concentrated in relying on them for the transport of Indian trade. Whatever the case with Arab migration to Sudan, it can be said that the Sabaean element and their descendants who came after them were the dominant and largest Arab element in Sudan during the pre-Islamic era and before the large-scale Arab migration movement began. This is especially true if we know that the link between the Red Sea coasts and the East African continent, particularly the Beja regions where the tribes of Bali and Al-Mudharmah migrated, was never difficult. Rather, crossing from coast to coast, especially via Bab al-Mandab, was easy and even easier. From here, we must fully realize that the Bab al-Mandab strait was narrower and more easily crossed than it is today, as the distance between the two coasts was short, and the islands located between the two coasts increased the ease of movement and travel. Thus, this strait was considered the main and primary passage through which the Sabaean tribes crossed to the lands of Sudan in those pre-Islamic eras, because the strait was close to their lands in Yemen, and their lands at that time were overcrowded. They did not have powerful and prosperous states, namely the great Sabaean state, and after it came Himyar to continue the journey. (3 - Islam and Arabism in Sudan) 33