Islam has been present for a long time, due to its connection with many countries and nations such as Egypt, Hijaz, Yemen, and Abyssinia, along with its ties to the Arab Maghreb and West Africa. From here, these two factors were effective in enriching Arab culture in Sudan and imprinting it with a purely Sudanese character, as these two factors formed the basic structure upon which the movement of Arab Islamic culture was built. Therefore, it can be said that Arab Islamic culture entered Sudan at a time when Egypt had reached its cultural and civilizational maturity. The ninth Hijri century, the fifteenth AD, witnessed a cultural, intellectual, scientific, and civilizational movement where Egypt in that century was the primary guide for the movement of the Islamic intellectual current at the level of the entire Islamic world. From here, Sudan had to benefit from all these contemporary and prevailing circumstances, especially from its neighbor to the north, which provided it with the largest and greatest part of the influences of Arab Islamic civilization and culture. The Mamluk era, which witnessed the emergence of Islamic sultanates in central and western Sudan, contributed to raising the status of Arab culture in Sudan and bringing it to the level of progress and prosperity it reached. However, Egypt's submission to Ottoman influence in the first quarter of the sixteenth century AD also led the movement of thought, culture, civilization, and sciences towards a mechanical approach, not meaning its aversion to rational sciences, because these rational sciences were still studied in the Ottoman Turkish era, but they were studied in a mechanical manner. Thus, the state of Arab Islamic culture in Egypt was no better than in the Islamic countries neighboring Sudan, as Islamic culture in the Arab Maghreb flowed in the same channels as the cultural movement in Egypt. The schools of West Africa, which contributed directly or indirectly to changing the face of cultural life in western Sudan, had come under Moroccan control since 1593 AD when the Mamluks controlled the Islamic Sultanate of Songhai during the era of Caliph Ahmad al-Mansur, Sultan of Morocco. 267