And on the revolutionaries and their bombs until they subdued them and forced them to obey in humiliation. Reinforcements came from Egypt, which broke the resolve of the Saqna and they gained victory over the Thamanin and triumphed in the revolution. Suleiman Pasha went to great lengths to fortify Beirut, preparing it for defense, and garrisoned it with troops and supplies. He built castles and fortresses in the villages and cities, and prepared to repel enemies by land and sea. He sent to Muhammad Ali Pasha requesting reinforcements, and the French Consul, a great politician, ordered the English Admiral Napier to stop his warships in the route to Syria and Alexandria and to sink any Egyptian ships he encountered, and to capture any he could. This great French politician sent a messenger to the city of Beirut, who warned the Egyptian army of the news. The Admiral went to Muhammad Ali Pasha, who raged and swore what he had done to those ships. The English ships arrived with Napier at Alexandria, but they did not encounter a single Egyptian ship.

And when it was the fifteenth of Jumada al-Awwal in the year one thousand two hundred and sixty-six AH, the agreement was signed. The allied powers presented to Muhammad Ali Pasha their proposal, which included granting him the governorship of Egypt and his descendants after him, and the governorship of half of Syria, including Mecca, for the duration of his life. Then it would return to the Sultan's kingdom after his death. They gave him a deadline of ten days. This situation pleased him, and he was determined. The deadline passed, but he did not respond and refused to surrender. The consuls then informed him that his refusal to accept this had also forfeited his right to take the governorship of Mecca, due to his betrayal. The powers then allowed him nothing but the governorship of Egypt. This greatly displeased him, and he argued with them. They said there was no alternative, and they gave him another ten days. He insisted on refusing, and the deadline passed without a response. They decided to proceed with the Sultan's decree. When the first deadline was given and he did not respond, the Sultan ordered a council to be held in the house of the Sheikh al-Islam, attended by the sheikhs, scholars, and prominent figures. They discussed Muhammad Ali Pasha's refusal and his justification for it. After much debate, the Sheikh al-Islam issued a fatwa declaring that Muhammad Ali Pasha's rule over Syria was invalid. This fatwa was announced in all the mosques of the Sultanate. The news of the verdict reached Muhammad Ali Pasha, who sent a message to the Sultan saying that the Sheikh al-Islam could not issue such a fatwa. He stated that the governorship of Egypt was his right and the hereditary right of his children, but as for Syria, he would not relinquish it after the blood he had shed and the vast sums of money he had spent there.

Regarding the order to the English warships to fire on the Syrian coasts and take them from the Egyptians.

The order was given to Admiral Napier of the English warships to fire on Beirut and the ships on the Syrian coasts and take them from the Egyptians. So he set sail with his ships towards Beirut, and with him was...

...and the news reached Muhammad Ali Pasha, who sent a message to the Sultan saying that the Sheikh al-Islam could not issue such a fatwa. He stated that the governorship of Egypt was his right and the hereditary right of his children, but as for Syria, he would not relinquish it after the blood he had shed and the vast sums of money he had spent there.

And the order was given to Admiral Napier of the English warships to fire cannons on Beirut and the Syrian coasts and take them from the Egyptians. So he set sail with his ships towards Beirut, and with him was...