Sudan Archive

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Washington, the editor of America, and Lord Byron, the English poet, were both alive in the blessings of freedom and victory for the weak over the strong. The Greeks triumphed, their consolation was found, and they defeated the Sultan's armies. In a period of time, they captured many castles and fortresses that were occupied by the Ottoman armies. Ibrahim Pasha, in his stronghold, remained until news arrived of the siege of the city of Koron. There were some Sultan's soldiers there, so one of them sent a detachment of his soldiers and he himself marched with a detachment to the city of Koron. He besieged it alone, causing hardship, and remained there until he captured it by force in the month of Shawwal in the year 1241 AH. Then he marched to the city of Kalanga and also captured it. He entered the city of Trimona after that. Rashid Pasha, the commander of the Sultan's army, was at this time besieging the city of Besolongi. He besieged it, but the capture proved difficult and his stratagems failed. He sent to Prince Ibrahim requesting his assistance. He marched to him with his Egyptian army and besieged it, fighting fiercely. Suleiman Pasha the Frenchman also besieged it, causing hardship. The days of the siege were long, and reinforcements arrived from the sea. They were unable to capture its fortress. They remained there until they captured it, and the Egyptian and Ottoman armies entered it victorious. They found slaughter within and much booty, destruction, and weapons. Then, in the year 1242 AH, the Sultan's armies marched on the city of Abin, fought for it until they captured it and occupied its fortress. Prince Al-Sultan Al-Seif was there with his soldiers, including regulars and volunteers, and they engaged in killing and destruction. While Ibrahim Pasha was preparing to reclaim what was in the hands of the rebels, Tsar Alexander I of Russia died, and Nicholas I, the third son of Tsar Paul, succeeded him. He sent to the Ottoman Empire and demanded vast territories, opening the gates of war upon them. His army marched on some of its territories, and they agreed to his demands and concluded a treaty with him, the Treaty of Ak-Kerman. This treaty allowed the Russians to navigate the Black Sea and the Straits without opposition and to anchor their ships. The Sultan's armies were only allowed to capture the fortress of Baghdad and three other fortresses held by the Ottoman Empire. The treaty granted the Danubian principalities many privileges, making them almost independent, like Persia. The Russian Empire also chose the governors of Moldavia and Wallachia for a period of seven years, and the Ottoman Empire could not dismiss them without the approval of the Tsar of Russia. Despite the injustice and coercion against the Ottoman Empire in this treaty, those in power sought to avoid opening the gates of war at that time. Tsar Nicholas did not stop there, but sent to all the great powers to mediate between the Sultan and the Greek rebels. The British ambassador was the Grand Vizier at that time. He complained about the suffering of the people of Morea at the hands of the Ottoman and Egyptian armies and pleaded for intervention. The Sultan did not pay attention to this and was determined to fight them until they submitted.

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