and strengthened its organization. Little by little, it became a great, well-organized, and conquering army, vast in its reach and victorious wherever it marched. The messengers brought to the Sultan the news of Muhammad Ali Pasha's actions and his conquest of the Sudanese regions. The Sultan 'Aqibah was aware of Muhammad Ali Pasha's deeds and harbored ill will towards him. He began to monitor his affairs, but he was unable to take any action to incite sedition in all the provinces under his rule. His army was engaged in fierce wars with various factions, especially the war with Greece, which was one of the most devastating and ruinous, with heavy losses on both sides. The conflict dragged on, and a great deal of blood was shed. Whenever the flames of war flared up and intensified, the rebels gained strength and received reinforcements from all over the world, by land and sea. The Sultan's affairs became complicated, and he feared the consequences.

(Historians say) that when the Greeks rose to demand independence and break away from the Ottoman Sultanate, they realized that this goal could only be achieved through freedom and equality among all classes of subjects. This, in turn, could only be achieved by educating their youth in true sciences and knowledge. Therefore, their leaders and the wealthy sent their children to the lands of the Franks to learn their sciences, literature, and customs. When they returned to their homelands with the knowledge and customs of those people, they became the leaders of the nation and the guardians of its freedom, leading it out of the hardships of captivity and slavery.

...secretly for the slaughter of their rights, and they called them societies. The headquarters of this society was in Alak, Russia, and it continued to protect the Ottoman...

Then the results of their actions appeared with the outbreak of sedition and the secession of the Greeks from the Ottoman Sultanate. The Tsar of Russia was eager to support... his demand, and therefore ordered him to fulfill the will of Peter the Great to the utmost extent of his power as ruler of Russia, making Constantinople the gateway to the Russian empires and the key to the European lands. (I say) And since this will was known to the great Eastern and Western politicians, especially to the high officials of the Ottoman Sultanate, and the survival of this Sultanate was intertwined with this will, and its demise was tied to it, I thought it would be appropriate to mention it here as it appears in the translation of the history of the scholar Jawdat Pasha. I do not know how he came to know it, and we know that wills of kings of this kind are usually kept very secret.

(The fourth Kaf) - 6