The first premise is the impetus for most of the usage, as I have said many times before, which is that the speed of Egypt's material progress in the past fifteen or twenty years has been unprecedented. However, the surprise of this movement for the Egyptian nation was not entirely beneficial without harm. I will consider this issue from its moral aspect, and I say that it is one of the trite propositions in political economy that if wealth increases greatly, this is an illusion, and the knowledge of how to use it makes it frightening, and its price is not without a note of misfortune. The increase in the wealth of the individual or the nation of Egyptians was less than that of Europeans in the Egyptian government because the country did not measure wealth. The demand from all sides increased for the employment of skilled and technical people, so it became necessary to have Europeans for the inevitable accidents that arose and which required European knowledge and expertise. Similarly, it was necessary to have hydraulic engineers for irrigation, doctors to care for hospitals and public health, veterinarians to combat cattle plague, surveyors to draw maps of the country, mechanical engineers for various works, and so on. This demand fell suddenly on a country completely unprepared for it. The British who advised the Egyptian government could not have greatly alleviated this difficulty in the early years of the occupation, even if they had foreseen some of its implications. For all they could do during the first six years was to strive to save the country from bankruptcy, get rid of the Sudan burden, and collect whatever money they could from here and there to improve irrigation and lay the foundation for the wealth that has now spread throughout the country. In 1888, no more than 70,000 Egyptian pounds could be spent on public education, and the government then had only 14 schools. Nothing was done to reform the education system (which was doing nothing in the days of Isma'il Pasha) until after 1888. Egypt's escape from bankruptcy (1) has led to an increase in funds in the hands of the government since then, and the effort to reform this system has increased year by year until the expenditure of the Ministry of Education this year (1907) reached 3,662,800 Egyptian pounds (2), and the number of government schools increased to 50. (1) I mean by this that it was not possible to start reforming public education and teaching until 1888, and since then the government has tried to compensate for this deficiency. In the early days of the English occupation, something was expected. (2) 114,000 Egyptian pounds for industrial schools in Bulaq and Aswan.