(2) That imprisonment or a penalty more severe than imprisonment shall not be carried out against him unless he is able to provide a surety if he wishes, so that it may be easy for him to present his case to a judge or court as mentioned above. (3) That arrest shall only be issued by a judge who is a national of the signatory states to the treaty, and with his permission. (4) That he has the right, if arrested for a penal value, to be released on bail or to be brought within 24 hours to a judge who is a national of one of the signatory states to the treaty. (5) That the death sentence shall not be carried out against him except after the judgment has been announced to his state's representative one month in advance, and that the death penalty shall be commuted to life imprisonment with hard labor if his state's representative requests it within that period. (6) That a consular officer shall be allowed to enter the consulate of the country in which he is imprisoned in China to assist him at any suitable time. From the foregoing, it appears that the council, by virtue of the treaty, is unable to consider the case of European criminals unless the court has only one judge, who is European, or several judges, all of whom are European. Then, it is stated in the law of these courts that among the judges who consider the case of an accused person, there shall be at least one judge of the nationality of this accused person, as far as possible. However, it cannot be stated in its law that there must be a sufficient number of judges of each nationality in Europe so that no judge sits on a criminal case unless the accused person is of his nationality. Nor do I see any justification for this mention. Furthermore, I concede that every European has the right, under all circumstances, not to be tried in Egypt except before European judges or before European lawyers if the presence of jurors in the court is taken into account. But I do not see, especially for an Englishman or an Italian, any reason to refuse to be tried before a German or French judge, just as you would avoid committing a crime in Berlin or Paris, let alone committing it in Cairo or Alexandria. As long as the resolution of civil cases in the Mixed Courts of Egypt is satisfactory, then the resolution of criminal cases will also be satisfactory. Furthermore, it may appear to some at first glance that the language issue is a knotty problem in this project. If any system is feared, it is that Europeans in Egypt will be tried before judges who are ignorant of the language in which the testimony is given and in which the accused defends himself if he wishes. However, it is not hidden, firstly, that this matter is not new with regard to witnesses, but it already exists, as witnesses are present in many cases brought before