Egyptian Sudan 30 January 1857, he organized the country, arranged the postal service between Egypt and Sudan, reduced taxes, and forbade soldiers from collecting them. In Khartoum, he established a consultative council of notables from the country, which would meet once a year to discuss and reform the country's affairs. He declared the abolition of slavery and commissioned the French engineer, Mougel Bey, to survey the railway line between Halfa and Khartoum. On his responsibility, a group from Abyssinia sought safety, and Samid Pasha granted them security and returned their property. On January 17, 1863, Said Pasha died and was succeeded by Ismail Pasha, who paid great attention to Sudan. During his reign, great conquests were made, and Egypt's influence and sovereignty extended beyond the equator. Zanzibar and Uganda came under Egyptian protection. He began the railway line from Halfa and Suakin, acquired the Red Sea coasts, discovered petroleum, lead, and iron mines, conquered Darfur, and set an example of comprehensive security and comfort for the Sudan. Among the governors of Sudan remembered for good administration is Musa Pasha Hamdi, who served in the country during the reigns of Said Pasha and Ismail Pasha (1863-1865). He suppressed rebellions in Kordofan. He formed a council of notables and prominent figures, established a system for collecting taxes, making it a fixed annual amount, appointed local officials and assistants, dressed them in Turkish attire, and expelled the Abyssinians from Gallabat. During his tenure, Samuel Baker and his wife arrived in Khartoum to explore the sources of the White Nile. He was preceded by Speke and Grant, whom the Royal Geographical Society had sent for the same purpose in 1858 via Zanzibar. This was one of the scientific expeditions sent by Muhammad Ali in 1841, which reached Gonda and Koro. When Ismail Pasha died on March 6, 1865, during his reign, the Jihadiya rebelled in Kessala, and he was succeeded by Ja'far Pasha Sadiq.