In Ansa and Europe. The weapons consisted of bows, spears, arrows, and swords. The Khul lived primarily in the north, in Asia. The importance of the Khul and their value was great. Sudan knew of iron weapons, and through the Khul and iron weapons, their empires were able to achieve decisive victories over the pagans. Their armies were no less capable than any other army at that time. The rivers were not a barrier to them. They besieged Jenné with a hundred boats, and even considered using the Niger River to encircle the army of the Mossi. They had a cavalry system. The brave horsemen, according to tradition, were rewarded for their bravery with anklets, necklaces, or bracelets of gold, according to their degree of bravery. The military organization was strong. There was a small standing army consisting of palace slaves. Then there were the forces led by the provincial princes. Each prince had to provide a limited number of soldiers for the imperial army. In addition, the rulers were responsible for guarding their provinces and maintaining the borders. The imperial forces were the guardians of the nation, especially those located on trade routes, sea routes, and caravan routes.

Social Structure

The absence of cities in the western regions was one of the fixed facts in the thinking of European historians, until the middle of the nineteenth century, when much Arabic writing was found. Although only a small amount of information about the Khul or ancient ruins has been discovered so far, what we know about the central Sudan is of sufficient importance to draw important conclusions about civilization in this region.