Sudan Archive

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The Songhai princes were subjected to another defeat, and Askia Ishaq II was deposed. The new Askia, Askia Muhammad Gaw, tried in turn to maintain peace and appease the Tuareg. He provided them with their needs of food and supplies, but the Tuareg chiefs insisted that the Askia swear allegiance to the Sultan in their presence. His advisor, the Alfa, advised the Tuareg to accept. As soon as he arrived with his entourage at the camp of Ibn Zurqun, they were all put in chains except for the Alfa. When the orders came from the Sultan, their heads were cut off.

The death of Askia Muhammad Gaw marks the end of an important phase in the history of Songhai. The glories of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai became memories of the past, but memories that remained embedded in the consciousness of the people. The following three centuries were known as the "Great Void," as it was a period of fleeting dynasties, continuous wars, and raids by the Tuareg and Toubous. Sudan did not experience peace again until their country finally fell into the hands of the French.

Nevertheless, the Songhai resistance never stopped. While the Moroccans appointed a puppet Askia, Askia Saman, the Songhai retreated to their original homeland in "Dendi." They were able to retain the entire north and appointed Askia Nuh, son of Askia Dawud, as their ruler. Nuh continued his resistance against the Moroccans without notable victory, except for the great victory he achieved over them in Yoronai in the year 1000 AH.

The Moroccans also faced fatigue from the Toubous, Bammbara, and other tribes, whether in the desert or in the Sudan. But after they suppressed the revolts of the people and tribes and dealt with them with extreme cruelty, Ibn Zurqun in Kebkuno and Jenne resorted to a vile trick to strip the people of Kebkuno of their gold, valuables, and money, and collected enormous profits from it. After that, the Moroccan soldiers raped the women of the city and killed its elders.

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