Introduction With this book, we have, with God's help, fulfilled our promise to continue introducing Islam and Arabs in the West African region, whether in Mauritania or in neighboring countries, by translating the books of the French researcher "Paul Marty," a long-standing authority in this field. Despite the previous experience, we also faced many difficulties in this book, especially regarding the respect for the text. Although we adhered to it literally in previous books, this time we have deleted a few inappropriate phrases that might offend some groups and individuals. We have also deleted sections related to purely administrative matters, as they are found elsewhere with precision and detail, such as the number of registered livestock and their tax value. However, we have faithfully preserved the essence of the text and added a set of additions enclosed in square brackets []. We have taken care to write proper nouns—most of the time—according to their Arabic origin, in contrast to non-Arabic proper nouns, which we have written according to their pronunciation, in the absence of a generally agreed-upon term in the Mauritanian region. We have retained the spelling of names that have become common, such as "Touareg" instead of "Tuarag," which is more accurate. We have used the letter "k" with a diacritic (گ) to be pronounced as an Egyptian "j," corresponding to the Latin letter "G" in names of non-Arabic origin. We have also added chapters to the book and indexes for human names, tribes, lineages, families, geographical names, and Sufi orders. We have corrected, based on the information available to us, genealogies, and we have expanded on some of them and added to them, such as the Awlad Mubarak and Ahl Baba Ahmed bin Sheikh Sidi Al-Mukhtar. Finally, we must point out that the phrases "Sudan," "Colony of Sudan," or "French Sudan" mentioned in the text refer to the name France used for the current Republic of Mali when it was a colony, to distinguish it from the current Republic of Sudan, which was an Anglo-Egyptian protectorate at that time. Sudan and Senegal chose the name Mali for their federal state when they declared unity in 1961. Sudan then retained it after separating from Senegal, in homage to the great African Empire, which included eastern Mauritania and northern and central present-day Mali. Similarly, its cradle was in Mauritanian territory, where its capital ruins—according to the most likely accounts—are located in the Mauritanian Hodh Ech Chargui region, which is Koumbi Saleh. The Gold Coast also took its name in homage to it in 1958.