Chapter One: The Dawoodi Tribes 55 others, and in early 1916 joined the rebels, but he declared his obedience after spending several months with them, and received a full pardon for murder, escape from prison, rebellion, and being armed. As for Dede's other sons, besides Ana and the Sultan, there are Mahfouz, born around 1882, Sheikh Ahmed, born around 1890, and Sidi Bou Bakr, born around 1900; Dede also had several brothers: Bouya Sheikh Ahmed, Sheikh Abdul Qadir, and others, and their descendants are present today in the camps of Ahl Muhammad Laqdhif. Ahl Sheikh Muhammad Laqdhif are today distributed between Baskino and Sekolo, and they have two centers, Madallah and Adwankara, where their cousins, the Jaafra, are also present. They are divided into five sub-clans: - Ahl Al-Taleb Youssef, their chief: Muhammad Al-Amin bin Al-Taleb Youssef. - Ahl Ali bin Sheikh, their chief: Beitna bin Al-Sheikh Sidi. - Ahl Sheikh Sidi Salah, their chief: Muhammad Qal bin Al-Hajj. - Ahl Al-Taleb Muhammad, their chief: Al-Taleb Muhammad bin Sheikh Sidi. - Ahl Sidi Ahmed, their chief: Ana bin Dede. In the summer, during their migration, they approach the valleys of the Niger River and descend towards Goura and Massina. Their renowned imam, qadi, school teacher, and marabout is Sidi Issa bin Muhammad Al-Mukhtar, born in 1880, who began his studies under his father, then completed them in a province next to the famous qadi [Al-Faqih Muhammad Yahya Wal Ahl Ab; Sidi Issa has twelve students whom he teaches the Quran, and two whom he teaches the Mukhtasar] Al-Akhdari in Maliki jurisprudence] and Al-Ajrumiyyah in grammar]. d - The Shabayhin The Shabayhin are the third sub-clan of the Jaafra and are not of Dawoodi origin. They descend from the Brakna, who left them three centuries ago and came to settle with the Awlad Mubarak, who were the masters of the Hod at that time, and formed two independent sub-clans: Awlad Mandani and Al-Kuwait. In the mid-eighteenth century, they left Awlad Mubarak and settled near Awlad Dawood. Ibrahim bin Qal, the chief of Awlad Mandani, was the one who led this migration. Awlad Mandani has been led since 1902 by Sidi bin Muhammad Qal bin Sidi bin Ibrahim bin Sidi, who succeeded his father around 1780. Muhammad Qal died around 1895. His son Sidi, born in 1884, was too young to assume leadership, which led the sub-clan to join the Al-Kuwait sub-clan, whose affairs were managed by Saleh bin Al-Najem. When Sidi came of age, he reclaimed his rights, and the sub-clan was reformed under