Chapter One: The Dawudiya Tribes with Alush's sons in the late 17th and early 18th centuries. While still a young boy, he decided to abandon the life his brothers lived and dedicate himself to worship. He settled permanently in Tissit, and undertook in-depth studies next to the Marabout Al-Shuafi (14). He married one of his paternal uncle's daughters from the Dawudiya, Khazna bint Karsh, and had two sons with her: Al-Hajj and Hamid. The latter died without leaving children, or their trace was lost among the people of Berda, if they were born at all.

As for Al-Hajj, whose name was Abdullah, who lived at the beginning of the 18th century, he left his birthplace, Tissit, early to perform the Hajj pilgrimage. After his return, he settled in Walata. He was accompanied by seven tents of his family and students, who, along with his family, formed the ancestors of the people of Berda. Here, the observer realizes, by a happy coincidence, how a tribe is founded. The descendants of Al-Hajj remained Zawaya, at least by name, while the others formed the group of "Muhajirun" (15). Al-Hajj died around the year 1850 (16) and was buried in Al-Dhaleel, south of Walata, leaving behind some good legacy. His successor was his son Sidi Muhammad (3), who led the tribe during the period between approximately 1750 and 1774, based on the history of Walata. We have no other information about him.

Sidi Muhammad was succeeded by his sons: Sidi Al-Mukhtar (4), the eldest son, whose reign, according to the narrative, lasted fifty years (1774-1825). Under his leadership, the people of Berda tribe suffered a severe defeat on August 1, 1821, at Ghaleb [Kitab] Al-Ka'b, where they lost many men. However, their enemies, the people of Al-Taleb Mustafa, also sustained many losses. Ali Al-Qati (5), son of Ghunwa, son of Sidi Muhammad, took over the leadership of the tribe from 1825 to 1835. He was followed by Sidi Al-Mukhtar bin Hanta (6), son of Sidi Muhammad, who assumed leadership and held it approximately from 1835 to 1845. Thus, power settled in the family of Sidi Al-Mukhtar. Ahmad Arshiq (7) succeeded him between approximately 1845 and 1855, followed by Ahmad Arshiq's sons: Sidi Muhammad (8) from 1855 to October 1872, and Sheikh (9) from 1872 to 1905.

Under the leadership of this last leader, the people of Berda tribe were subjected to the most severe and bitter form of plunder in March 1894. The men of the Hoggar tribe [Tuareg] surprised them in Arawan.

Sidi Ashr Al-Hijri.

(14) He is Hamallah bin Muhammad Al-Mukhtar Al-Shuafi, one of the scholars of Tissit in the 11th Hijri century. (15) Migrants to a life of devotion. (16) Rather, he died in 1750.