Kassala, the stronghold and most important center of the Khatmiyya, is the site of an ancient historical city. Kassala was first inhabited by the Hadendowa, who had a sheikhdom there during the Funj era called the "Sheikhdom of the Turk." Sayyid Muhammad Uthman Khatim founded his village of Al-Sunniyya in Kassala before the Turco-Egyptian invasion. The establishment of this village in this location was the reason for the migration of the people of the region and its fame. This area became a center for the Khatmiyya Tariqa, and followers flocked to it from all over Sudan, populating it and making it their headquarters. Kassala later became associated with the Rashaida fort, known in Sudan as "Salib Jallabiya" (1868-1869).

Kassala experienced many migrations during the previous Turkish period from the Ja'alin and Danagla tribes, who settled near the irrigation canals of Kassala. It is said that in the late previous Turkish period, there were about five hundred drivers there. When the Mahdist period arrived, people came to Kassala due to political unrest and the deterioration of agriculture. It is said that twelve years after its fall to the Ansar, only nine irrigation canals remained. In the second era, the irrigation canals in Kassala flourished again due to the lucrative returns, government encouragement of agriculture, and the free land ownership granted to farmers. Agricultural loans and improved terms for land ownership and cultivation were also provided. Kassala's connection to the Gash River and its development via the railway also contributed to its prosperity.

The improvement of living conditions in Kassala at the beginning of the second rule, in the first quarter of the last century, and the presence of prominent figures in Kassala, led by Sayyid Ahmed bin Muhammad Uthman Al-Aqrab bin Sayyid Al-Hasan, who died in 1928 AD, and his son Sayyid Al-Hasan, who died in 1987 AD, all helped to motivate the sons of Al-Hamadab to migrate to Kassala. This migration was associated with the 1930s and continued thereafter.

D. Manifestations of economic life in the Al-Hamadab region: Migration and the motivation behind it: Two main factors are the basis for the migration of the sons of Al-Hamadab from their regions: 1) The religious factor. B) The economic factor. The religious factor refers to affiliation with the Khatmiyya Tariqa and people's connection to it in Al-Hamadab. In the beginning, this migration was directed eastward towards the city of...