Egyptian Sudan 32 In September 1875, Raouf Pasha sent a campaign to Harrar, where he captured and killed Prince Muhammad. Harrar remained under Egyptian control until it was evacuated along with the Sudan regions.

Harrar was the cause of the war with Abyssinia and the defeat of the Egyptians on November 11, 1875, and March 8, 1876.

Gordon Pasha succeeded Ismail Pasha Ayoub (77-79) in Sudan. Foreign officials were appointed, and revolts began, including the revolt of Sultan Haroun in Darfur, the revolt of Suleiman ibn Al-Zubair, the revolt of Rag Malli Al-Zir, and the revolt of Al-Sabahi in Darfur.

In 1877, Ismail Pasha began the construction of a railway from Halfa to Khartoum, but only 50 miles were laid.

When Tawfiq Pasha succeeded Ismail Pasha on the throne of Egypt (June 25, 1879), Gordon was governor of Sudan and resigned (September 7, 1879). Raouf Pasha was appointed to succeed him. In 1880, a revolt broke out in Somalia, which was taken by the governor of Harrar. The Arab revolt in Egypt was declared, followed by the revolt of Muhammad Ahmad.

Abd al-Qadir Pasha Helmi succeeded Raouf Pasha (82-83), then Alaa al-Din Pasha, then Gordon, whose mission was only to evacuate those lands.

You see from the foregoing that the Egyptians preceded the British in everything in the Sudanese territories. They preceded them in laying railways, opening dams, establishing schools, cultivating cotton, abolishing slavery, civilizing the inhabitants, and establishing communication routes. Ismail Pasha was even working on preparing the road from Wadi Joya, which is now disputed between the British and the Italians, to the Equator.

After Sudan was restored and made a company between Egypt and England in 1898, Abbas Pasha II visited Khartoum on December 3, 1901. In his speech, he included thanks to those who completed the railway, extended the authority of the Taimisha, and provided comfort.