Egyptian Sudan

The news that reached Sudan, and which the newspaper "Al-Ahram" broadcast, caused a great stir in Europe. The Sublime Porte wrote to the Khedive, forbidding him such a sale.

On September 4, 1898, Lord Kitchener entered Omdurman, and on September 19, he arrived at Fashoda, where he met Marchand. He learned that the English expedition that set out from Uganda, intending for Khartoum, led by Major MacDonald and composed of the remnants of Amin Pasha's army in the Equatorial region, had revolted against its commander and refused to proceed at the entrance to Victoria Nyanza, so MacDonald could not advance. Similarly, the other expedition, which set out from the coast of the Indian Ocean under the command of Katandish, could not reach Egyptian Sudan.

The English were angered by Marchand's presence in Fashoda and began to threaten the French, to the point that Lord Salisbury told the French ambassador Courcel: "The Sirdar has sufficient strength to expel Marchand and his men wherever he wishes." The ambassador understood that this meant England was prepared to declare war. France asked its ally Russia to stand by it, but the Tsar's government replied that it was best to resolve this crisis peacefully. Germany remained neutral because it had a secret agreement with England regarding Africa. France was therefore forced to announce the withdrawal of its troops from Fashoda on November 4, asserting that this land belonged to Egypt. Lord Salisbury wrote to the British ambassador in Paris on October 5, 1898: "There is no doubt that Egypt's rights to the Nile basin were easily lost due to the Mahdi's success, but these are established rights that are indisputable and no longer in doubt after the victory of the Egyptian troops over the Dervishes." Did England not declare these rights of the Khedive over these possessions for a long time in the Anglo-Egyptian agreement of May 12, 1894?

On October 12, Lord Salisbury told the French ambassador: "The valley of