condemnation, one was acquitted, and 6 cases were dismissed, with 31 cases still under consideration. 131 applications were submitted for licenses to sell alcoholic beverages, of which 47 were approved and the rest were rejected.

"27" - Provincial Councils The law expanding the authority of the Provincial Councils was enacted on January 1, 1910. When the 203 candidates were elected, the councils convened and began their work. They all agreed to impose a temporary tax (based on Article 2 of the law) of 5 percent of the land tax, except for the Aswan Provincial Council, which set the tax at 3 percent. However, since it was not possible for the councils to make decisions from the beginning of the year, they were unable to collect all the tax for 1910. Nevertheless, the calculated amount reached 205,666 Egyptian pounds. Since the councils had barely begun to implement their various projects, most of this amount remained as a reserve to be spent in the current year. The councils convened many times, with all present members attending, and directed their attention to education. They allocated all their funds for 1910 for this purpose and appointed committees to address all matters related to education, based on Article 9 of the law. Consulting members with experience and interest in educational matters in the provinces were added to these committees. Most of these consulting members were, with the approval of the Ministry of Education, inspectors from the Ministry or outstanding teachers within it. The new law stipulated that 70 percent of the funds allocated for education must be dedicated to primary education in the Kuttab (traditional Quranic schools), agricultural schools, and industrial schools. Since the Kuttab in the Egyptian provinces were numerous and the Ministry of Education was responsible for inspecting most of them, the Provincial Councils decided that their role would be limited to establishing new Kuttab with a higher level of achievement than existing ones and that would be more aligned with the country's needs. They also aimed to improve the condition of existing Kuttab by taking over their administration, providing financial assistance, and supervising them. Furthermore, they planned to establish schools to train qualified Kuttab teachers due to their scarcity. These three objectives were achieved in many provinces. As for the curriculum chosen for the Kuttab, it is almost identical to the curriculum established by the Ministry of Education for its first and second-grade Kuttab, with minor modifications. Considering the resources and local influence of the Provincial Councils, it is likely that they will achieve success in this type of