The representation in the country's government was used with success and benefit, so it is good for me to explain in this report those councils and their rise in Egypt briefly. The theoretical advantages of these councils are clear and do not need further explanation, whether in terms of presenting the government's responsibilities and their need for the ruling body, or in terms of improving the moral state of the nation by achieving responsibility in managing its affairs and its national duties by consolidating its ranks. Furthermore, the system of government with the help of representative consultative bodies is not a new idea in Egypt. Villages and towns have had their sheikhs since ancient times, and their sheikhs ruled them in all matters related to their internal affairs. It is also possible that the rulers of the country consulted the sheikhs on matters to a certain extent, but in any case, they treated them as men representing their people. In the late reign of Muhammad Ali Pasha, a council of the country's sheikhs and notables was established, and the people elected members. However, it appears that those members did not participate in managing the country's affairs with the government at that time. After the death of Muhammad Ali Pasha, the council lost all its importance and value and had no share in managing the country's affairs until Ismail Pasha came and revived the Council of Notables. In the late period of his reign and the early period of Tawfiq Pasha's succession, the council fell into the hands of those whose sole aim was their private interests among politicians, and it remained so until the Urabi Revolution. When that revolution occurred, regular and cultural laws were issued establishing a Consultative Council of Laws and a General Assembly, based on the advice of the British Consul General. Al-Ward Dafin has fully discussed this in his report dated February 6, 1883, where he explained the composition of the representative bodies established by those laws and the powers granted to them. The summary of this, in brief, is (1) that the adult males of the country elect their representatives (2) that the country's representatives elect the members of the provincial councils (3) that the provincial councils elect 14 members to the Consultative Council of Laws, and the two ministries elect another 12 members in an advisory capacity (4) that the General Assembly consists of 80 individuals, who are the enlightened opinion, the members of the Consultative Council of Laws, and the remaining forty-six members are elected by the country's representatives. The purpose of establishing the Consultative Council of Laws was to be a small, organized, and ready-made body to assist in reviewing their projects and preventing...