The representation in the government of the country was considered a success and beneficial. It is therefore appropriate to explain in this report the shortcomings of these councils and their development in Egypt, briefly. The theoretical advantages of these councils are not to be elaborated upon, whether in terms of presenting the government's needs to the ruling authority or in terms of improving the nation's moral condition by neglecting responsibility in managing its affairs and its national duties by consolidating its ranks. Furthermore, the system of government with the assistance of consultative representative bodies is not a new idea in Egypt. Villages and towns have been electing their sheikhs for ages, and their sheikhs had authority over them in all matters concerning their internal affairs. It is also possible that the rulers of the country consulted the sheikhs on matters to a certain extent, but in any case, they treated them as men representing their people. In the late reign of Muhammad Ali Pasha, a council of the country's sheikhs and notables was established, and the people nominated its members. However, it appears that these members did not participate significantly in the government's management of the country's affairs at that time. After the death of Muhammad Ali Pasha, the council lost all its importance and value, and it had no role in managing the country's affairs until Ismail Pasha came and revived the Council of Notables. In the late period of his reign and the early period of Tawfiq Pasha's reign, his successor, the council fell between political choices and remained so until the Urabi Revolution. When that revolution occurred, regular and cultural laws were promulgated by establishing a Consultative Council of Laws and a General Assembly, based on the advice of the British Consul General. Lord Dufferin elaborated on this in his report dated February 6, 1883, where he explained the composition of the representative bodies established by those laws and the powers granted to them. The summary of this, briefly, is (1) that the adult males of the country elect representatives for them, (2) that the country's representatives elect the members of the provincial councils, (3) that the provincial councils elect 14 members to the Consultative Council of Laws and the Khedive elects 12 other members with the advice of his ministers, (4) that the General Assembly consists of 80 individuals, including the ministers, six members of the Consultative Council of Laws, and forty members elected by the country's representatives. The purpose of establishing the Consultative Council of Laws was to be a small, selected, organized body, always ready to assist in considering their projects and to express its opinion without...