and the craft, and the craft remains with the person, always his father's craft. Some historians have mentioned that Egypt in ancient times was like this. The law of the ancient Copts indicated to each person his craft, and then they passed it down to their children. It is said that the reason for this is that all crafts and trades were honorable among them. This matter was a consequence of the circumstances because it greatly indicated the attainment of perfection in crafts, as a son usually excels at what he has seen his father do many times in his presence. And he would have no desire for anything else. This matter cut off the root of desire and made each person content with his craft, not wishing for anything higher, but rather striving only to invent new, beneficial things for his craft to reach its perfection. This ends. And it is objected that not every person has the aptitude to learn his father's craft. Limiting him to it might make the young man fail in this craft, while if he had engaged in another, his situation would have improved and he would have reached his aspirations. As for the fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh matters, they are beneficial to the people of the land and relatives. Therefore, the population of this land increased and was populated by many relatives. As for the eighth matter, it strengthens every person to express his opinion, knowledge, and whatever else comes to his mind that does not harm others. Thus, a person knows all that is in his companion's mind, especially the daily papers called "Juz'iyyat" and "Kanzizat," the first being the plural of "jirtal" and the second the plural of "kanita." Through them, a person knows all the new news, whether internal or external, meaning inside the kingdom or outside it. Although there may be countless lies in them, they may contain news that the human soul longs to know. They contain new scientific matters, investigations, useful reminders, or beneficial advice, whether issued by the great or the humble, because the humble may have ideas that the great do not, just as one knows