In the name of God, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

Introduction The stagnation of the Islamic world led to the Muslims falling behind the march of history, and their lands became prey to European invasion. Europe, empowered by development, harnessed immense human energies, built towering edifices of civilization in economics, society, and politics, devised new methods in finance, administration, and warfare, and subjected the power of gunpowder, steam, oil, and electricity to human will. Europe invaded our lands, equipped with all these capabilities, and seized country after country.

It was the fortune of Sudan that a unique and brilliant call arose within it, which challenged European dominance that was spreading in the Middle East through its influence over the Ottoman Sultanate and the Khedivate. It was by the grace of God Almighty that this call succeeded, despite the superiority of its adversary in firepower. One of the results of this success was that this revolutionary call managed to liberate the country from the grip of the Ottoman era, which had corrupted the lands of the Middle East and the Maghreb, making their land and resources a target for the wealthy and powerful.

Under the Mahdist state, Sudan stood as an impenetrable dam, preventing European influence in a large part of the African continent.

This stance caused great concern to the colonial powers, who rushed their soldiers and companies to the Middle East and the Maghreb to inherit the Ottoman Sultanate, to Asia to inherit the Mongol Sultanate, and to Africa to seize its virgin lands and wealth. This colonial wave understood that it would be defeated and destroyed if any of these countries could effectively resist it, setting an example for other nations. Therefore, they were keen to eliminate the Sudanese state and suppress its revolution. Thus, Britain gathered its forces, conscripted Egyptians who were under its control, and attacked this impenetrable dam. They found resistance unlike anything they had known. Their experience with other lands was that the vanquished surrendered after one or two battles, but the situation in Sudan continued at its peak of armed conflict, which only ended after the national military forces were depleted. The invaders entered our lands after witnessing the most magnificent examples of sacrifice and devotion.

From the remnants of those sacrifices, Sayyid Abd al-Rahman al-Mahdi rose, stained with the blood of martyrdom, leaning.