The sale [of land] due to the steep incline on one side and the deep gorge through which the Blue Nile flows on the other. Therefore, we find roads for cars from Kaka to Asara, but no connection or movement across the central part of the border. Then the border line appears in the south across the upper reaches of the Sobat. This anomaly appears in Sudan's lease of a trading center in Abyssinia, in the division of the Anyuak tribe between Sudan and Ethiopia, and in cross-border escapes, and the emergence of many administrative difficulties due to frequent cattle rustling and raiding (1). The western borders of Sudan were agreed upon between Britain and France in the agreement of March 1899. Accordingly, the border line begins at a point where the border between the (Free State of Kordofan) and French territory meets the watershed area between the Nile and the Skeno and its tributaries. This watershed essentially remains until it reaches latitude 11 North. From this point, it proceeds to latitude 15, separating the kingdom of Wadi Ama, which was formed in 1883 as the province of Darfur. It is understood in principle that latitude 15 North will define the French territory from the northeast and east by a line starting from the point where the Tropic of Cancer meets longitude 16 East, then proceeds southeast to latitude 15 at the Darfur border, which will be determined accordingly (2). However, another modification occurred on the northwestern part of Sudan. Britain ceded, without consulting Egypt – which was its subordinate – the triangle located in northwestern Sudan.

(1) The Egyptian and British governments, and the Italian government on the other hand, exchanged memoranda in 1939 regarding the modification of these borders. Then it stopped due to the outbreak of war until the Administrative Secretary of the Government of Sudan requested Egypt's approval to form a committee in cooperation with Ethiopian authorities to demarcate a part of the border between Sudan and Ethiopia north of Lake Rofa for a distance of 37 kilometers, in 1950. Egypt agreed, and nothing further happened in this regard.

(2) Gleichen, pp. 292, 296