Sudan Archive

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It was agreed to define it between the English government and the Italian government in the agreement (Kanshar - Barantini) in June 1895, and the (Parson - Martini) agreement in December 1898. According to this, the border line starts from Ras Kassir on the Red Sea to Yafaq at the main Raqad of the Karora River, 2 kilometers from the coast, and follows the Karora Valley to a point known as Karora on the map. From there, it follows the watershed between the Marib and Aiet districts in the north, and the Falkat and Sila districts in the south, until it reaches a point on the Hajar Al-Nawsh plateau. From there, the line turns to Khor Baraka. From Baraka, it runs straight until it intersects latitude 17 degrees North with longitude 37 degrees East. As for the extension of this line with Ethiopia, it was agreed between Britain and Ethiopia in the agreement of May 1902. According to this, the dividing line between Ethiopia and Sudan runs from Khor Umm Hajr on the Sittit River to Al-Qiblat, then the Blue Nile south of Famaka, the Baro River, then the Pibor, and then the Akobo River to the intersection of latitude 6 degrees North with longitude 35 degrees East. And land adjacent to Intaj on the Baro River is to be leased to the Sudanese government for its administration as a commercial station with a river frontage exceeding two thousand meters and an area exceeding 400 hectares. It shall not be exploited for political or military purposes (2). Sudan has indeed leased a commercial center in Ghabela from 1902 to 1957. Most of Sudan's eastern borders are geometric borders that run along the escarpment of the Abyssinian plateau and then along watercourses. The borders on this side of Sudan are not natural borders in some parts. In the northeast, it cuts off a part of the Beni Amer from their main grazing lands in Eritrea, and some Beni Amer groups move across this line during their annual migration. In the central part, it runs along the escarpment of the Abyssinian plateau, with the plateau standing behind the border as a guardian.

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