district, extent of jurisdiction, pp. 83, 90, 99, 103, 117, 118, 151, 174 etc. "illa" (إلا), often has the meaning of "but", pp. 51, 131, and is the equivalent of "however" (p. 93, 133); Içtaknri: "And from it pearls come out of it, a small thing, but if a rarity occurs from this mine, its value is greatly increased" and elsewhere. "alafa" (ألف) (II) This verb generally means to prepare, to make ready, to put a thing in a state suitable for the use for which it is intended, and the particular meaning is determined by the noun with which it is joined. Thus, when speaking of meat, "alafa" means to season, to dress; Alcala: adobado (de carne), mu'allaf (مؤلف). When speaking of wood, this verb means to file or plane. In the Treatise on Mechanics (man. 117, p. 44), the chapter entitled: "On the manner of making men" begins thus: "Wood is from alafa" (الخشب من ألف) and the participle "mu'allaf" (مؤلف) is used as a noun in the sense of a file; in Alcala, escoffna. When speaking of copper, "alafa" means to beat; "al-mu'allaf al-nuhas" (المؤلف النحاس) is therefore: beaten copper, as in the Treatise on Mechanics, p. 83: "Mention of hollow beaten copper, as light as possible" (ذكر من النحاس مجوف مؤلف اخف ما يمكن) 75, 81. When speaking of glass, "alafa" means to facet, to cut into facets, Edrisi, p. 5: Alcala "arrebañar alafa" (arrebañar آلف), "arrebañadura ta'lif" (arrebañadura تأليف); he translates the same words by "tahzif" (تحزيف) and "tahzif" (تحزيف), while we find in Bocthor (under facet): cut into facets "mahzuf" (محزوف). In chemistry, "alafa" has another meaning, namely that of amalgamating, combining mercury with another metal, as in Edrisi, p. 39: "amalgamation of antimony with mercury" (تأليف انتبز بالزئبق). "samak" (سمك), pi, Nile fish, p. 47; Cazwini, II, p. 120. "amara" (أمر) (II), to confer upon someone the title of emir; Abou-l'-mahāsin, Quatremère, Hist. des sult. mamt., I, 1, p. 2 (note 4); Macrizī, man., t. II, p. 351: "When he conferred upon one of the Turks the title of emir" (اذا أمر احدا من الاتراك من اؤثر), from there p. 3, bearing the title of emir.