and Hanzala was dismissed and Amr ibn Abd al-Malik, brother of the Caliph, was appointed as governor. In the year 114 AH, the Caliph Yazid ibn Abd al-Malik died in Harran, and his brother Hisham was proclaimed Caliph. The Egyptians did not experience a time of ease during the caliphate of Yazid.

"The Caliphate of Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik" He was the tenth, and he was thirty-four years and some months old when he assumed the caliphate. Hisham was in al-Rusafa when Yazid ibn Abd al-Malik died. The caliphate fell upon him unexpectedly. He rode from al-Rusafa and proceeded to Damascus. When Hisham was proclaimed Caliph, Amr ibn Abd al-Malik was removed from Egypt and replaced by Amr ibn Yusuf. During his governorship, the first Coptic revolt occurred in the year 117 AH. Hafs ibn al-Walid was appointed in the year 118 AH. In the year 119 AH, the Caliph summoned him and he resigned from the governorship. Hafs was replaced by Abd al-Malik ibn Rifaa. In the same year, Ibn Rifaa died, and his brother al-Walid ibn Rifaa was appointed in his place by order of the Commander of the Faithful. During his governorship, the Qays tribe was transferred to Egypt, and they had not been there before. They were settled in the Fustat. Sakinah bint al-Husayn ibn Ali ibn Abi Talib died in the year 121 AH. In the same year, al-Walid died in Fustat after ruling for nine years. Abd al-Rahman ibn Khalid al-Fahmi was appointed in his place. After a year, Abd al-Rahman died and was succeeded by Hanzala ibn Safwan, who ruled Egypt for six years this time. In the year 131 AH, the Caliph dismissed him from Egypt and ordered him to proceed to Africa, which he did. Hafs ibn al-Walid al-Hadri was appointed in his place. This was his second governorship. The Caliph Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik died in the year 136 AH, and his reign lasted for nineteen years and some months. Among his notable achievements was his conquest of the Romans in the year 129 AH. Hisham was prudent, sound in judgment, generous in spirit, and skilled in politics. Hisham chose to reside in al-Rusafa and built it, and it is attributed to him, so it is called Rusafat Hisham.

"The Caliphate of al-Walid ibn Yazid ibn Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan" When Hisham died, al-Walid ibn Yazid, known as Ibn al-Abbas, was proclaimed Caliph. Yusuf ibn Amr was dismissed from Egypt, despite his known integrity, uprightness, and the trust of the people. In his place, Isa ibn Ata was appointed to collect the land tax only. Isa had no political acumen, and his mismanagement stirred up the people.