The sites that were pushed by the command of Amr are difficult in that field. It was a permanent bridge to Sudan since antiquity, and this bridge flows north of the Arab countries and the Nile Valley.

Thus, these crossings were the great gates that Arab tribes knocked on and crossed, starting from the Arabian Peninsula to Sudan in the previous and ancient periods before the advent of Islam. We did not delve into the history of Arab migrations to those regions before the advent of Islam, because that might take us out of the scope of that research, which is Islam and Arabism in Sudan. However, we referred to these crossings as the paths that Arab tribes took to the Nile Valley Sudan until they formed what we can call semi-Arab societies before the advent of Islam and its spread in those regions.

The Fifth Crossing: The Northwest E. The Western Crossing: If the previous four roads or crossings contributed to the spread of Arab tribal movement to Eastern Sudan, then this western or northwestern road contributed a great and effective role in enriching the Arab migration movement to those regions from the heart of the African continent. This is because other Arab groups came from the northwestern road or the Libyan road, and they were able to head through the plains and deserts located between the Nubian region and the Chad region towards Darfur, after Egypt and the Maghreb countries became Islamic states independent of the Abbasid Caliphate. This is because the vast majority of Arab tribes descended to those regions in western Sudan, to Borno and Wadi, and settled there for some time.