During the time of Ibn Battuta, between 1330 and 1340 AD, the Sharif Zayd bin Abi Nami was the Sultan on Suakin Island. His soldiers were from the Beja, Awlad Kahil, and the Juhayna Arabs. It is known that the Beja had a custom of recognizing matrilineal descent and inheriting the throne from the mother's side. Ibn Battuta also highlighted an aspect of the interaction between the Beja and the Kawahla when he said: "We arrived at a settlement of Arabs known as Awlad Kahil, mixed with the Beja and familiar with their language." As previously mentioned, the Kawahla, in a relatively later period, moved towards the regions of Atbara, Khor Al-Qadi, and Sennar after leaving the mining land. Some branches of them continued their migration, reaching the White Nile, then Kordofan, and some groups live today in the Nuba Mountains south of Kordofan, in the Sultanate of Taqali. Despite our assertion that the Kawahla came directly to the land of Sudan from the Arabian Peninsula, there are opinions that, although the Kawahla frequented eastern Sudan from ancient times, they primarily arrived in Sudan from the north, not via the Red Sea. These references add that the Kawahla might have been remnants of Rabia who initially migrated to Egypt, settled in Upper Egypt, and then moved to southern Upper Egypt and the land of the Beja. The establishment of the Islamic Sultanate of Taqali was a strong motive that prepared the Kawahla tribes to spread to the regions of Atbara, Khor Al-Qash, and Sennar, where they represented the largest section of the Arab tribes. Some of their branches continued their migration, reaching the White Nile, then Kordofan, Bayuda, and others. There are small groups of them living in the Nuba Mountains. They adopted the title "Munjil" and became regional rulers with full authority over the tribes inhabiting the northern part of the Kingdom of Sennar, and they inherited...