They established commercial centers in scattered regions, forming Arab cultural centers that remained connected to the homeland for a long time. Over time, Arabs intermingled with the indigenous people. These strong connections led to the strengthening of relations with the southern Arabian Peninsula.

The Arabs' connections with Abyssinia before Islam were not limited to the regions near the Bab al-Mandab. These connections and relations extended to the Hijaz region, where the lands adjacent to the Hijaz to the west were a trading post for Quraysh. The Arabs and the inhabitants of these regions exchanged many linguistic and cultural influences.

With the increase in Arab migrations before Islam to Abyssinia during the eras of the Ma'in and Saba' kingdoms, Arabs penetrated westward into the Nile Valley. Some settled in scattered parts of the Nile Basin, followed by a number of their relatives and families. Some accounts indicate that the Himyarites launched military campaigns in the Middle Nile Valley and North Africa. These campaigns left behind groups that settled in the lands of Nubia, the lands of the Beja, and North Africa.

It appears that these Himyarites inherited the rule of these lands as a result of intermarriage with the rulers, thus inheriting kingship according to the matrilineal system of inheritance, where the son of a sister or the son of a daughter inherits. The Himyarites also transferred the names of some of their ancestors to Sudan, such as Kuwa, Daru, and Saba.

Some researchers believe that the name Soba, the capital of the Alwa Kingdom, is a distortion of the word Saba'. Perhaps it can be said that the Arabs of the south were the dominant element among the Arabs of Sudan before Islam.

Therefore, this strait is the gateway through which the oldest races that inhabited the continent since ancient times entered. It enabled the islands located at the entrance of the Red Sea to cross this place easily, as these islands served as stages for migration. It is highly likely that the distance between the continent of Asia and Africa, as