The establishment of Islamic Arab Emirates in Sudan represented a phenomenon of the flourishing of Islam and the spread of Arab Islamic civilization. The country began to move towards Arab Islamic life after the Arab character began to shape the country with that Islamic spiritual hue. The establishment of these Islamic Emirates clearly indicated that Islamic activity was not confined to the pure Arab element, but rather that a group of the indigenous people of the land contributed to it after they embraced Islam and their Islam was good. They played a role in the history of Islam in Sudan that was no less than the role of the Arabs. Their adoption of the message of Islam had an impact on the establishment and expansion of these Emirates at the expense of the pagan or Christian kingdoms that were witnessed in the Sudan region, which gave a purely Islamic atmosphere represented by the emergence of the Islamic movement that originated from Sennar and led to the emergence of the Funj dynasty, which is considered a prominent event in the history of Sudan at the beginning of the tenth Hijri century, the sixteenth century AD.

Origin of the Funj Dynasty: The origin of the ruling house in Sennar, which took power in the Blue Nile basin in the eighth Hijri century, the sixteenth century AD, has been a subject of long and extensive discussion with diverse opinions. However, it seems that this academic dialogue about the origin of the Funj dynasty has not been able to reach a fixed and confirmed theory. Some opinions trace the dynastic origin of the ruling house in Sennar to the origins of the Shuluk, a Negro tribe. Others trace them to origins that came from the west, from the lands of Western Sudan, where the Islamic Sultanate of Borno was located. There is a group that believes they originally came from a region located between Eritrea and Ethiopia, without specifying whether their origin was Negro, Hamitic, or Arab. In this study, we will attempt to present the different aspects and multiple opinions regarding the origins of this Muslim Funj dynasty. If we follow the saying that the Funj came from Eritrea, we see that this dynasty