On the eastern bank of the Blue Nile, and it has an area north of Khartoum known as Al-Abwab. And when Islam entered Egypt and events began between the Islamic armies in Egypt and northern Nubia, known as Makuria, the name of the northern region of Alwa, known as Al-Abwab, began to be mentioned. And these Alwa people wanted reconciliation and peace with Egypt and did not want to clash with this Islamic state in Egypt. Ibn Salim al-Aswani, whom al-Maqrizi quoted about that kingdom, mentions the existence of a ribat (monastery/fortress) in it with a group of Muslims, which indicates that Islam had infiltrated the kingdom of Alwa, specifically in its capital, Soba, which was the main crossing point towards the south from the region of Al-Abwab. Ibn Salim described that some of them acknowledge the oneness of God and draw near to Him through the sun, moon, and stars, and some do not know the Creator and worship the sun and fire, and some worship whatever they find appealing, whether a tree or an animal, which indicates that even by the end of the 10th century AD, paganism was still widespread in Alwa society, otherwise Ibn Salim al-Aswani would not have pointed to it, indicating that Christianity had not yet, by the 10th century, taken root in the society of Upper or Southern Nubia. Also, the vastness of Alwa, its rainfall, and the availability of pastures and rain-fed agriculture make it, from an agricultural and pastoral perspective, a vital area for the influx of Arab tribes flowing from the north, meaning that the nature of Alwa's vast land was more suitable for them than the narrow land of Makuria. Even those from Alwa who embraced Christianity did not do so to the extent of conversion, as was the case in the kingdom of Makuria, which made them not resist the advancing Arab Islamic tide that began to sweep through their lands on a large scale, especially after the signing of the Treaty of al-Bath, which permitted Arab tribes to pass and cross.