Egyptian Sudan 18 Al-Zubayr Rahma from the Jab'ab tribe (نسبة to all the Abbasids), a tribe famous for its bravery. He pledged allegiance to Prince Ismail bin Muhammad Ali on the day he conquered Sudan and remained loyal to the Khedival dynasty. Al-Zubayr achieved a notable position in the history of Sudan. He began his life in trade then traveled with his cousin to Bahr al-Ghazal in the service of the Egyptian merchant Ali Abu Amuri from Naj'a Hamada in 1856. Egyptian merchants were numerous there, and each merchant built a thorn enclosure to protect his goods. The locals attacked these enclosures to loot the goods. Al-Zubayr defended Ali Abu Amuri's enclosure, and the locals were impressed. His reputation spread, so he went into business for himself and profited. His greed increased, and he ventured further into the land than any merchant had reached before. Then he went to the land of Gham, where he married the daughter of its sultan, and his trade increased. He bought from the king of Gham 500 young men to carry weapons. These young men were from the government. It was the custom of the people of the land to slaughter them and eat their flesh. The king feared his might, so Al-Zubayr fled to another king, who was his father-in-law's enemy. His father-in-law sent his men to assassinate him on the road, but he overcame them. When he sought refuge with the second king, his father-in-law mobilized an army to fight him. This king fled from him, and Al-Zubayr was forced to seek refuge in the land of Qulu and its king. At that time, his enemy Shaku killed Al-Zubayr's brother, so war broke out between them. The king and his son were killed, and Al-Zubayr became king of that land, naming its capital Dim Zubayr. Then he made a pact with the Zariqat Arabs and opened the trade route between Bahr al-Ghazal and Kordofan. In 1869, Haj Muhammad Al-Salmi Al-Maghribi arrived in Bahr al-Ghazal with 200 Sudanese soldiers led by Muhammad Effendi Munib, 4000 from Lubash Buzuq, and 600 from the stable. Al-Zubayr fought them and defeated them. The governor of Sudan at that time was Ja'far Pasha Muzaffar. When the king of Hamda saw Al-Zubayr's growing power, he sent him a threat, demanding that he relinquish the kingdom to him. War broke out between them, which ended with Al-Zubayr's victory.