Facsimile · p. 49
The fifth, announcing the disappearance of all significant Shi'ite presence in the Maghreb.
As for the Kharijites, although they managed to establish two states in the Maghreb – the Banu Madrar state, founded by the Sifriyya in Sijilmasa in 757 AH / 140 CE, and the Rustamiyya, founded by the Ibadiyya in Tahert in 161 AH – it seems they did not remain for long.
Sources mention some news about the presence of the Mu'tazila school of thought in the Maghreb, perhaps its most prominent manifestation being what was known as the Wasiliyya. Ibn Hawqal mentioned that "two great tribes of the Berbers, Zanata and Mazata, were predominantly Mu'tazila, followers of Wasil ibn Ata." This might be due to the mission sent by Wasil ibn Ata al-Ghazal (d. 131 AH / 749 CE), the founder of the Mu'tazila, who "sent Abdullah ibn al-Harith to the Maghreb. He was answered by the people. There is a land called al-Bayda' where it is said there are one hundred thousand men who carry arms." The author of al-Istibsar points out that cooperation arose between this group and the Idrisids, as "Ismail ibn Muhammad al-Urbi was Mu'tazila in doctrine, and Idris agreed with him on his doctrine. He stayed with him and ordered Ismail's tribe to obey and honor him."
However, this intense presence of the Mu'tazila, described by al-Balakhi and encouraged by the Idrisid state, did not last long. In later periods, we find only accounts concerning individuals who returned from the East, captivated by Mu'tazila ideas, embraced them, and tried to propagate them. But these remained individual cases, not evolving into a general trend. Among these individuals was a man named Abd al-A'la Abu Wahb ibn Abd al-Rahman, who studied Mu'tazila books, which brought him censure and criticism from Yahya ibn Yahya al-Laythi.
See Abd Allah Allam, al-Da'wa al-Muwahhidiyya: 135, 217-218. See Mahmoud Ismail Abd al-Raziq, al-Khawarij fi Bilad al-Maghrib: 109 and onwards regarding these two states. Ibn Hawqal, Surat al-Ard: 137. Abu al-Qasim al-Balakhi, Bab Dhikr al-Mu'tazila in Maqalat al-Islamiyyin: 138. See also al-Bakri, al-Maghrib: 118-119, 194-195.