Sudan Archive

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The Rustamid state was founded by the external preacher Ibn Rustam. The first Shi'ite state, the Fatimid state, was founded by the Shi'ite preacher Ubayd Allah al-Mahdi. Two great states for the Sunnis were also founded: the Almoravid state by the preacher Abdullah bin Yasin, and the Almohad state by the preacher Ibn Tumart. It is important that research and studies focus on these religious, scientific, and political movements, not only on their historical events and political aspects, as most studies have done, but especially on the intellectual and scientific foundations upon which they were built, and on their practical methodology by which they moved to make those foundations a practical reality for people in various aspects of their lives and activities. The research into these aspects derives its great importance from the immense benefit obtained by delving into the continuous dialectic in Islamic history between the Islamic ideals from which preachers and reformers build their reformist calls, and what the lives of Muslims often deviate from and stray from those ideals. This importance is confirmed by looking at the reality of Muslims today. Since the time of the Islamic nation, there has been a growing conviction of the necessity of applying Islamic ideals to people's lives in a comprehensive manner, due to the grave failure in applying other Eastern and Western paths. However, this conviction encounters various difficulties and obstacles when it is translated into practice, which are dictated by the reality of life in its social, economic, and political manifestations, with the increasing complexities and circumstances of this era. These difficulties and obstacles, coupled with this conviction, have led to a regression in the absence of wisdom. He is Abd al-Rahman ibn Rustam ibn Mihran, one of the Ibadite jurists, who left Qayrawan when the Abbasids regained it from the Ibadites. He settled in Tahert in southern Algeria, where he founded the Rustamid state in 171 AH. Ubayd Allah ibn Muhammad al-Habib ibn Ja'far al-Sadiq claimed the Mahdiya and spread his Shi'ite call in the Maghreb until he was able to found the Ubaydid state in Qayrawan in 297 AH.

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