In the Sennar Empire, slaves played a significant role in the lower levels of administration. The scribes, or educated individuals, were truly important in the central government. Their ability to read and write, as well as their knowledge of Sharia law, gave them a decisive advantage. One of them held the position of the Emperor's private secretary, meaning his trusted advisor, so the importance of scribes extended to other areas. They supervised the treasury, were the Emperor's messengers, formed the Praetorian Guard, and constituted the majority of all the army's units. They controlled the revenues. The power of some officials among them grew in the last days of the Asay.

The succession to the throne among the Sennar was not bound by a specific system, although it was required that the Emperor be of the lineage of the founders of the imperial dynasty. The senior rulers and princes demanded this, even if there were exceptions throughout history. In such a society, it was natural for the court to be the center of all power. The princes and most of the rulers, except for those responsible for the borders, were present at the court. There was a hierarchy of ranks among the nobles. The vizier had the right to sit on a carpet in the presence of the Emperor, and he could be addressed with a kiss instead of dust. The chief of the army was closely connected to the Emperor and held great influence at court. Since he had no family, it was believed that his devotion to his master was unblemished.

Economy and Commercial Life

Trade played a significant role in the economy and politics of Sudan. Most rulers relied on it. Foreign merchants played a very important role in this trade. When they arrived with their goods, they would leave them in a public place where the people of Sudan would take care of them.