2c THE NUBIANS, THE NtJBA i. 2. xiii.

it. Senusert HI repelled them^ and fixed their boundary above

Haifa. Later, the negroes—no doubt the same ones—gave further

trouble, and Thothmes I defeated them even more completely and

forced them back to the third cataract. It seems probable that it is

these negro invaders who are depicted from the eighteenth to the

twentieth dynasty, and not the more permanent and rightful inhabi-

tants of Lower Nubia.

Discussion of the Negro Type found in Nubia under the

TWELFTH AND EIGHTEENTH DYNASTIES. ThE KoRDOFAN TyPE.?

XIV There is some reason to think that these negroes whom

Senusert HI defeated and forbade to pass north of Haifa, the " plaited-haired ones" with whom Thothmes I later warred farther

to the south, the men depicted as tall, coarse, full-blooded negroes, were probably akin to the tall mesaticephalous type that now survives

in southern Kordofan and whose remains, dating from the time of

the twenty-fifth dynasty (Taharka, Tanutamon, etc.) and earlier, have lately been found at Gebel Moya and other hills in the Gezira^. They no doubt followed the Nile in their northward movement,

impelled perhaps by the Nilotic stock behind them, but it is as well

to bear in mind the possibility that some of them also came overland through Kordofan by way of the Wadi el Mukaddam^.

XV It is to this type, the '' nehed^' that the name Nuba is, I sug-

gest, most properly applied, and it is a noticeable fact that the Arab

of the present day hardly ever speaks of the Nilotic negro of the

south by that name: he instinctively reserves it, on the other hand,

(a) for the big black of southern Kordofan, (6) the hybrid race living

^ See above, and Breasted, A. R. i, 640.

^ Dr Derry, who examined the burial sites at G. Moya, and Prof. Seligman who has closely studied the Nuba of southern Kordofan, agree as to the close resemblance between the early Ptolemaic negro of the Gezfra and the present type

in southern Kordofan (see Seligman, loc. cit. p. 625).

"The cemeteries of this site [G. Moya] have yielded the remains of a tall

coarsely built Negro or Negroid race with extraordinarily massive skulls and jaws. In a general way they appear to resemble the coarser type of Nuba living in south Kordofan at the present day, and it is significant that the cranial indices of the men of Jebel Moya and the Nuba hills agree closely." (Seligman, Address to the Anthrop. Section of the Brit. Assoc, for the Advancement of Science, Report, 1915,

p. 9.)

Of the physical characteristics of the Nuba of southern Kordofan Prof. Seligman says: "They are a tall, stoutly-built, muscular people, with a dark, almost black skin. They are predominantly mesaticephalic... nearly 60 per cent, of the

individuals measured are mesaticephals, the remainder being dolicocephalic and brachicephalic in about equal proportions." ("The Physical Characters of the Nuba of Kordofan," R. A. I. xl, 1910.)

For Reisner's remarks on the excavations at Gebel Moya see Sudan Notes and

Records, Jan. 1919, p. 65.

^ See later in this chapter.