III. 3. VIII. THE GUHAYNA GROUP 279 Both in Kordofan and Darfur they have numerous villages and are less nomadic than the average tribe of Bakkara. In the tribal "nisbas" they are always connected closely with the Ta'aisha. The Kordofan section, previously to the Mahdia, were generally at loggerheads either with the Gavama'a, the Gima'a, the Hawazma and the AwLAD Hamayd, or with the people of Tekah.

In 1876 their numbers were assessed at about 8000: in 1881, when the tribute was reassessed, £e. 215 were demanded from the Kordofan branch as against £e. 2640 from those in Darfur, but immigration in recent years, particularly by the Riafa section, has tended to equalise the numbers of the two branches.

The main tribe in Darfur border on the Rizaykat to the east, the Ta'aisha to the west, the Masalat to the north and the Dinka to the south. Their country resembles Dar Humr and Dar Rizaykat in general, but, extending farther south, suffers more from fly and is more marshy. They cultivate less corn than the Bakkara living east of them and rely largely on wild rice and " dhifra" {Pannicum Isachne). Elephant hunting is much in vogue among them. As a tribe they are divided into Tara and Sot*, but the subtribes of the latter seem to be known collectively as el Ziadat. There is no particular line of cleavage between the Darfur and Kordofan portions of the tribe and most, if not all, of the following sections are common to both.

Tara fi. Shebba j {a) AwLAD Hamayd {b) Noala {c) Hawaila {d) Mirayrat {e) Hilaylat (/) Selmania \g) AwlAd Sa'ud Shaybun Ua) AwLAD Delota - lb) Um 'Arab ( [(c) Awlad Ma'afa i Awlad 'Aid „ Zaid „ Abu 'Amir „ Gargar El Derabi'n /) Awlad Bello g) El Kamarsa h) Awlad Rihayma j) AwlAd Idris, or Um Idris k) El Kigama /) El MahAda m) El Hadayli Cp. Carbou, 11, 51, 54, where the Habbania and Ta'aisha are similarly referred to as being both subtribes of "Hemat" {i.e. Haymad).

Prout. * Stewart.

* The tara is properly a cymbal, the sot a whip. Both occur as names of camel brands. The former is shaped and placed on the neck of a camel, the latter is a long perpendicular line branded on the quarters, from the backbone downwards, like a hanging whip. (See MacMichael, Camel Brands..., figs. 113, 114, 117.) The terms presumably date back to the time when the Habbania were camel-owners.

Compare the case of the Ta'aisha.

' These twelve small sections, all occurring in Kordofan, all belong either to the Shebba or the Shaybun branches. * See note on p. 83.